Material Take-Off Lists From a House Plan

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OK, so you've purchased a piece of property and have a home plan and want to figure out the cost of building it. So what next? Maybe you are looking to get a job with a building contractor and material lists will be one of the things you'll need to know how to do. Well, here in a nut shell is how some of it's done. Most all that you need is a good understanding of math and a little patience.

For instance, let's say you want to know how many 2 inch x 4 inch studs are going into the walls. If you look at the details of your plans, you'll find out how far your studs are spaced. Most are at 16 inches on center. If this be the case, then say you have a 10 foot wall. There is 12 inches in a foot so simple math would tell you that there is 120 inches in 10 feet. Divide 120 inches by 16 inches and you come up with 7 and 1/2 or 7.5. Meaning you have seven and one half studs in the wall. Round that off to 8 and you have it.

How about the bottom and top plates? These are 2 inch x 4 inch pieces of lumber too. Looking at your drawing section you find that you have 1 – 2 inch x 4 inch bottom plate and 2 – 2 inch x 4 inch top plates. So you have 3 – 2 inch x 4 inch plates and the wall is 10 feet long so you will need 30 feet of 2 inch x 4 inch lumber.

Are you seeing how it works so far? Good! Lets take it to the next step. How about floor decking? If your room is 10 foot wide by 10 feet long that is 100 square feet. Right? You multiply the width by the depth. Sheets of plywood come in 4 foot by 8 feet sheets which makes 32 square feet. Divide 100 square feet by 32 square feet and you have 3 and 1 / 8th sheets or 4 sheets.

The same could be done for the exterior wall sheathing which is either OSB (particle board) or plywood. Lets say you have a 32 foot exterior wall that is 8 feet tall. The OSB or plywood comes as you know in 4 feet by 8 foot sheets. You could either divide the square footage of the wall, but we already know the wall is 8 feet high, or divide 32 feet which is the length of the wall by 4 feet, and you would come up with 8 sheets.

Of course the process involves counting windows and doors and their sizes, cabinet sizes and quantities, Light fixtures, plumbing fixtures, roof trusses and coverings, etc. And I know these were actually simple illustrations and it can be more complex, but this is the general method of material take-off.

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Source by Tim J. Davis

Understanding Different Frame Materials

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With a good understanding of different frame materials you will find it easier to buy a pair of high quality and attractive eyeglass frames. In these modern times, there are plenty of interesting styles to choose from. In addition, you can also choose from a wide variety of cheap eyeglass frames as well as different frame materials. When you look for eyewear items today you will find that there are also many options available to those who want to purchase discount eyeglasses. You can find something to suit your preferences and tastes.

There are many options available to those who want to buy eyeglasses. There are sporty eyeglasses to choose from as well as fashionable items that you can think about buying. Here is a look at some good and common frame materials.

Metal frames are very popular and they are available in different metals like Beryllium and Monel. The latter type of material is very malleable and it is also not prone to rusting. However, this material can cause skin irritation and it is also not very corrosion resistant. Beryllium on the other hand does not corrode easily. This material is perfect for those who have to spend a lot of time in as well as around salt water and who suffer from high skin acidity.

Titanium is another useful frame material. This material has over the recent past become very popular among eyeglass frame buyers. There are reasons for this popularity. After all, titanium is very light and it does not corrode easily and it is also very durable. Most fashionable frames are made from titanium which is a material that is hypo allergenic and when you opt for this material you also get to choose from many different color options. Titanium frames are very modern looking and when titanium is combined with copper or nickel the frames look even more exciting.

Plastic frames are yet another popular option. These frames are normally made out of nylon but some manufacturers use blended nylon in order to improve the material's strength and to make the frames lighter. If you want to buy discount eyeglasses then you will do well to choose frames that are made out of nylon or blended nylon.

Stainless steel frames are also very popular on account of the fact that frames made from this material are very cheap and this material is an excellent alternative to titanium. Finally, when choosing a frame material, be sure to check out bendable eyeglasses. These glasses are normally made out of titanium based alloys.

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Source by Young So

Pros and Cons of Using Prefabricated Building Materials

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Prefabricated buildings, or also known as modular structures, is a type of construction where in sections of the building are made in a factory. After manufacturing, these units are then transported to the site of the building for assembly. Now, the main advantage of having a prefabricated manufacturing process is because some buildings are constructed more quickly than any traditional structures. Also, there are some buyers of the buildings who have their own preferences for designs and styles, which can only be accommodated through prefab buildings.

Using this kind of building structure process has its advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages of Prefab Buildings

There are numerous advantages of investing in this type of building. It includes the following:

• speed of construction

• decreased material waste / environmental-friendly

• enhanced quality of materials used

• simplified on site logistics

Aside from the above-mentioned, prefabs also has less mitigated risk from vandalism and theft. It also is protected from weather damage.

Another advantage you can gain in investing in this type of building is that they can be utilized for both long-term and short-term facilities. Prefabricated buildings are also cheaper compared to other building materials.

They are popularly used in building guard houses, schools, churches, commercial shops, healthcare facilities, multipurpose rooms, and diners. Since these kinds of materials are built inside a factory, the risk of the materials catching molds, rust, sun damage, and mildew is lessened.

Disadvantages of Prefabricated Buildings

Like any other construction materials, these buildings also have its share of disadvantages for its users. One of these disadvantages is that you will not be able to obtain an immediate loan for this kind of construction. This is because not all loan companies are looking at these buildings like a traditional structure. There are also some neighborhoods that have restrictive covenants for such type of building. They sometimes limit or restrict the use of prefabs in their community.

If you are really determined in using these materials for your building, you should always take a good look into your budget. Evaluate it carefully and make sure that you are incorporating the cost of the site work into your budget. This way, you will not have a hard time dealing with manufacturers and builders.

You must take your time in deciding what kind of materials you are going to use for your house or office building. This will lessen your burden when you need to change the design of your building.

Also, consult with a professional construction builder to help you with the kind of materials that you should be using.

Knowing the advantages and disadvantages of using prefab materials for your project will guide you with the best option that you can use for a particular building. This way, you will not have to worry and be confused with the kind of materials to be used. Using prefabricated building materials have its own wonders and pitfalls. You just need to determine and weight each of these factors to be of a better guide when it comes to building your dream home or office.

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Source by Maria A Carone

ASVAB Study Tips: Save Time by Listening to Audio Material

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If you are planning a career with the United States Armed Services, then you will be required to take the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery or ASVAB. In this article, I will show you how you can save time as you are studying by listening to audio material rather than just studying out of a book.

If you are preparing for the military, that means you probably have a lot of things going on in your life. This could be anything from school to job, family and other responsibilities. You may find yourself not having enough time in your regular schedule to study for your exam. However, since the ASVAB score is very important as it determines your eligibility both for your branch and job of choice, it is in your best interest to score as high as you can.

So how do you study without a lot of time? The trick for increasing your study time is audio material. You can listen to audio while you are doing other things. This means that if perhaps you have an MP3 player or have the ability to play music on your smart phone, you can load up an ASVAB study guide or other ASVAB study material which I will discuss shortly and simply listen to it as you go about your daily life.

As you are working out on the gym preparing to meet your military physical fitness requirements, when you are running that mile and a half or three miles, whatever it is, you have the time to listen to a full training session. As you are doing your push-ups, as you are doing your sit-ups, you can again listen to ASVAB study material.

While you are commuting to and from work, while you are doing your chores or cleaning your apartment, these are all times that you can simply plug in a set of headphones and learn without really taking the time to learn.

So how do you get the ASVAB audio material? There are two options. One is to find some training material out there that is provided in MP3 or CD format and simply listen to that. However if that is not available, simply sit down one day with your ASVAB book and read the information that you need to know into your phone or into your MP3 recorder.

While this may be time-consuming, you only have to do this once and then as you listen to the material again and again, you are not taking the time to study and so you are essentially studying the same material three, five, maybe even ten times. But all it took was the one time to sit down and actually record the information.

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Source by Leah M Fisch

Basketball Backboard Materials – What Will Your Basketball Hoop Be Made of?

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When you set out to buy a basketball hoop for your driveway, there are a lot of decisions to make, and a lot of options. One of the most important is what kind of material that you will use for your backboard. The backboard material is very important because it will determine both how durable your entire system is going to be as well as the quality of the rebound (ie how well the basketball bounces against the backboard). Here are the five major types of backboards and what you have to know before you buy.

Molded Plastic

Molded plastic is generally what you see on the cheapest basketball systems, and it is really only suitable for small children or for people who only play occasionally. While it is a fine and durable material for young or inexperienced players, people who want a basketball hoop with a little bit better rebound should set their sights a little higher.

Acrylic

The most common material that you will encounter is acrylic. It is remarkably inexpensive, but still gives you great durability and rebound. The only thing you really need to look out for is the fact that acrylic tends to yellow after being left out in the sun for a few years. Also, acrylic, while it can be a rigid material, is simply not quite as rigid as glass, so you should opt for that material as good rebound is important to you.

Poly Carbonate

Polycarbonate functions just like acrylic, but it has the advantage of being a whole lot stronger. In fact, it is approximately five times more durable. Generally, when you are looking at two nearly identical systems for similar prices, and one offers a polycarbonate backboard and the other an acrylic, you should opt for the acrylic. Please note that some basketball hoops that say they have a "polycarbonate acrylic" backboard is just really polycarbonate.

Glass

Glass is the basketball backboard material that the pros use, and it should also be at the top of your list if you really want a pro feel. They are the material of choice because nothing matches their pure rigidity. If you really want the same kind of material that is used in the NBA, you should get a glass backboard that is seventy two inches wide and half and inch thick ..

Steel

While steel basketball backboards are almost always found on commercial basketball goals, a few people just like the look of a painted metal backboard. While steel backboards do not really offer you greater rigidity than your typical acrylic backboard, the main reason churches, schools, and outdoor public parks favor them is their incredible durability. They can literally last for decades, even when used extensively.

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Source by Luther Stockton

Curtain Fabric – Popular Materials Used For Curtains

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Today many people are now choosing to make their own curtains or at least select curtain fabric and then have them tailored by a professional. The reasons behind this are complex but one of the major benefits is certainly that by selecting your own fabric you have the opportunity to create an individual window dressing that nobody else will have in their home. What follows are five popular materials used in the production of curtain fabrics.

Silk has to be one of the most luxuriant fabrics used in the manufacturing of curtains. Often woven into different patterns and styles it can be perfect for creating dressier, formal windows. It can be used either in full length panel curtains, roman shades or even balloon shades. A definite disadvantage of silk has to be the price, unless you can find a cheap dealer, it is likely that it will be expensive. Another disadvantage is that if the curtains are unlined, silk has the tendency to rot in direct sunlight.

Cotton is a much cheaper option and is an extremely versatile fabric. Cotton can also be weaved in different ways to achieve different effects, such as satin weave of plain weave. Cotton's versatility means that it can be used for plainer, simple looks as well as classy, ​​sophisticated styles. Cotton is easy to clean although unless the curtains are lined can hang awkwardly.

Linen has become one of the more popular types of curtain fabric in recent years. Linen can be woven into both light and heavy weaves meaning that a range of styles are available when using this material. In terms of price linen is relatively affordable in comparison to silk and wool. One downside would be the tendency of linen to wrinkle quite easily in humid environments and the fact that to clean linen curtains, dry cleaning services should be used.

Wool has the obvious benefit that it insulates excellently. When woven into heavy fabrics it also hangs effortlessly providing an elegant look. Wool is easily dyed and in terms of cost varies immensely depending upon which type of wool it is. For example some sheep's wool is relatively cheap whereas wool from alpacas or llamas can work out rather expensive. Unfortunately wool is moisture absorbent and like linen is not the best option for humid rooms.

Synthetics such as nylon or polyester should be considered due to the fact that they are extremely stable and easily cleaned. However the cheap, plastic feel puts many homeowners off. For curtain linings however, synthetics can be considered an excellent choice.

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Source by Tom Pretty

How Material Possessions Create Misery and How to Escape This Trap

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I remember reading a newspaper article about a person who lost all he had and for the first time in his life became really happy and free. At that time I thought this could not be true because I wrongly assumed that material things bring happiness. I now know that material things do not influence how much happiness you feel, no matter how many nice things you have.

In the past I used to go shopping all the time. I used to spend more than I earned but no matter how much new stuff I bought, after a short-lived happiness, I felt as miserable as always, or even more miserable. I could not understand why I felt this way. After all, I had all this new and exciting stuff. Material things are supposed to make people happy , right?

Not quite so. The habit of buying material possessions to lift your mood is just an addiction, and as any other addiction, it has a negative impact on you.

You can easily tell at which level of awareness the person is by asking him / her what brings them happiness. Or better still, simply ask which one they value more: things or experiences. People who are on a low awareness level will undoubtedly choose material possessions because they still think that things make them feel happy.

Most people search for happiness all their lives without finding any, because all their effort is directed to the outside of themselves, to the world of illusions. If you look inside for the answers instead, you will understand that happiness can be found not in things, but in experiences.

When you think about something positive in the past, your thoughts will undoubtedly be about pleasant experiences instead of material possessions. People love to remember the moments they spent with loved ones, the travels abroad, warm friendships and exciting events. Rarely do you find a person reminiscing their fashionable clothes or a flat screen TV.

Every experience changes us in some ways, makes us refine our likes and dislikes, urges us to grow. When you experience something, it stays with you forever, no matter how long ago it happened. Only experiences make people unique and interesting.

It's easy to trick yourself into thinking that buying new stuff all the time is natural. You see 99% of people doing that, how harmful can it be? Unfortunately it's very harmful because it causes us to be miserable. Yes, things, if bought without the real need for them, cause more misery than happiness. It's an unnatural way to produce happiness which backfires making us feel exactly the opposite to what we hoped.

People who spend money to travel are on a higher awareness level than those who spend all their salary on furniture, clothes and newest gadgets. People who create small passive income sources over the time whilst avoiding unnecessary purchases are happier than those who slave all their lives in jobs they hate in order to afford a house that pleases their ego.

All the depressions, nervous breakdowns and other emotional dysfunctions are caused by this very misunderstanding of what brings us happiness. People who search for happiness in things will always be greatly disappointed because it's impossible to find happiness in anything physical. Happiness can only be found by getting in touch with your true essence and within your experiences.

Please do not get me wrong – I'm not against material possessions. They are great if they are used for their purpose. For example, chocolate is there to end your hunger and not to make you forget your failures. New clothes are for your body and not for your ego. Every single thing has it's purpose, but that purpose is never about changing your mood in some way.

Things are not meant to be clung to either. If you get attached to anything physical in this universe, you are in trouble. You will be miserable as long as you cling to anything outside of yourself.

If you suffer from misery caused by material things, it's time to make some adjustments in your life. Go on a material possessions "fast" by avoiding shopping for 30 days or so, except for food, of course. If you live with someone, ask them to buy food for you – that would be ideal. Also, get rid of stuff you do not use and try to find peace and happiness within yourself by going into silence or meditating.

After a month of such change you will be a different person – guaranteed. You will become more emotionally stable, small incidents will no longer upset you and you will radiate happiness independently of what happens to you. So go ahead, try it – you will like the taste of a simplified life. Remember, the more detached from material things you are, the happier you become.

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Source by Simona Rich

Midsoles – EVA Versus PU

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When deciding which running shoe to buy, perhaps the most important feature of the shoe is its midsole. You can not see the midsole (it is sandwiched between the outsole and the insole), but it is largely responsible for the cushioning your feet, knees, hips and entire body receive each time your feet hit the ground. It can also help promote foot stability and prevent conditions such as over pronation (when your foot rolls too far inward) or under pronation (when your foot does not roll inward enough), which are associated with flat feet and high arches.

Midsoles are generally made from two basic materials: EVA and PU.

EVA stands for ethylene vinyl acetate. It is not plastic or rubber but foam. Each midsole is made up of thousands of foam bubbles that act like cells. Each one of these foam bubbles is filled with gas. The result is a material that is lightweight and flexible. Each time you land on an EVA midsole, your shoe breathes a little. The gas is pushed out and then let back in once your foot leaves the ground.

PU is also a type of foam. It stands for polyurethane. The material is heavier than EVA and is generally less preferred by runners because of its density. That said, PU tends to hold up better than EVA. Over time, the bubbles that make EVA midsoles so light and bouncy to begin with permanently lose some of their air. PU gives less bounce in the beginning, but its bounce lasts longer.

Some midsoles are made with a combination of the two midsoles. The classic design is to put PU on the outside (where the shoe receives the most stress) and then maintain an EVA core.

In addition to the midsole, you will want to carefully examine the shoes' other features as well. With regards to the outsole, it is normally most important to examine the quality of traction it provides. Features to look for with insoles include arch support and contoured foot beds.

A word to the wise: often Shoe companies will use special terms or "company lingo" when it comes time to advertise these straightforward terms. For example, Asic's Speva (TM) is in fact a fancy way of saying EVA (ie, spEVA). Most high quality running shoes favor EVA over PU, or some combination of the two. You probably will not find too many PU-only midsoles, unless you are shopping in the vintage section.

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Source by Jane Baron

Which Furniture Products Are Made of Napolite?

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Napolite is a material that is similar to leather in its appearance and it is widely used in furniture products. More specifically, it is the material that covers the furniture. So in which products is Napolite leather used? Well, generally it is used to upholster dining chairs such as sleek modern dining furniture, seating chairs that are used as additions to lounge suites, and modern lounge suites.

It could be used in 4 piece lounge suites and in corner suites. Each part of the 4 piece lounge suite is upholstered with the Napolite leather. Each seating cushion has the Napolite material wrapped and stitched around it as does the seating couch. Each part of the couch is covered with the material and stitched with precision to ensure that it remains intact for a long time. Many modern designed lounge suites are made with this alternative leather product so provide home owners with affordable luxury.

Many modern dining room suites have the chairs upholstered in Napolite leather. A glass dining room table is well complemented with a set of six Napolite leather chairs with steel legs. It adds a stylish touch to your home.

Other furniture products that use Napolite leather include tub chairs that are stylish additions to any lounge suite, as well as single seater couches that add a touch of comfort plus additional seating space in your lounge. Ensure that you take proper care of your lounge suite so that it can last you a long time.

The Napolite gives the furniture a leather-like appearance but it costs a fraction of the price of genuine leather. Because genuine leather is a rare commodity and is in high demand, it automatically pushes the price up. For the everyday home owner, this may not be an option. With Napolite material, the average home owner can afford the alternative without compromising the style. That means that if you have a certain lounge suite in mind with a set budget, then you may be able to find it in Napolite leather. It is On: many there furniture stores That offer Napolite leather products at a price That will suit your pocket.

With the prices of everything from food to clothing increasing every year, but our desires remaining the same, we all need more affordable options available to us. That is what Napolite leather products are able to do for the home owner. It is a modern material that allows you to have the leather-like furniture that you desire.

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Source by Meghna Lalloo

Top 10 Crown Molding Materials

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Decorative crown molding has changed over the centuries. Crown molding has a rich history which dates back to the second millennium BC and was often found in palaces. It has evolved from the beauty of the Greek forms to the simple curves of the Roman era; from the flowers and vines of the Gothic rounds to a return to the simple forms of the Romans during the Renaissance. Today, crown molding can be found in just about any type of material. So what's appropriate? Which one should you use? There are so many, it can be a little daunting. So let's take a brief look at the different kinds of materials that crown molding is often crafted from.

Traditionally, crown molding has been made from milled hardwood and plaster. Wood crown molding can be found and made from several hardwoods such as hickory, ash, poplar, alder, cherry, maple, mahogany and oak. Wood crown molding enriches the character of any interior as it frames your ceiling and complements your decor. There are many styles available and you can find many of the traditional styles, such as acanthus, grape and oak leaf motifs and shell. Wood crown molding will certainly add classic detail to any room.

On the down side, hardwood moldings can be quite expensive. Forest resources are limited. The softwood moldings require more time and care to install and finish, although it is less expensive than hardwood. Wood moldings shrink and swell with humidity, they can be damaged by water, it is combustible, it can be damaged by rot and insects, it can crack, it requires mitering and coping skills, it may split and splinter when nailed or cut, and wood molding must be sanded and primed prior to finishing. These disadvantages may outweigh wood's good points for many.

Renewed interest has been growing in decorative ornamental plaster. Decorative plaster molding can be found in all styles. Ornamental plaster crown moldings do not shrink, burn, warp or produce toxic fumes. Ornamental plaster can be formulated in a wide range of compositions to yield finished products which include a range of properties. They are versatile, safe, stable and economic. Ornamental plaster, although an excellent product, can be costly to install. Although it is no longer required to be manufactured in place, skilled craftsmen are in short supply and it has become almost a lost art.

MDF crown molding, a wood-based composite material that uses wood fibers with a synthetic resin, is another example of how a builder or decorator can accent any room or hallway. MDF is environmentally safe and requires less preparation. It is often primed to a smooth surface which can then be painted with any high quality latex or oil paint. MDF will not split when cutting, is resistant to warping and is consistent in size and shape. However, during installation of MDF, nailing creates blemishes that will require repair, by hand, prior to finishing. Although it is a less costly alternative to other materials in use, most professionals do not recommend its use.

Polyurethanes are found in many items. They are used in resins, adhesives, fibers, foam padding and insulation. They come in several forms, such as rods, sheets and liquids. Polyurethanes are frequently used as an alternative to such materials as wood, plastics, metal and rubber. And for good reason. Polyurethanes are resistant to wear and tear, weather, impact, scratching and erosion. They are also more cost-effective as an alternative as well.

Other uses for polyurethanes include: fibers, seals, gaskets, condoms, hard plastic parts, carpet underlay and sealants. Items such as domed ceilings, moldings and ceiling medallions are easier to construct of polyurethane foam rather than wood. In fact, polyurethane is considered to be the best replacement for plaster. It's low cost, lightweight and anything you can do to wood, you can do to polyurethane. It is easy to install, can be used either interiorly or on the exterior and is available in the widest range of products.

In its most flexible form, polyurethanes are found in upholstery fabrics, while the more rigid foams are used inside the metal and plastic walls of most refrigerators and freezers. They are commonly utilized to make up paints, varnishes and glue. Your computer mouse-pad bottom is most likely made of polyurethane foam.

Flexible molding, which is one type of polyurethane, makes it a cinch to decorate around curved walls and arched doorways and windows. Flexible molding is made from a compound polymer resin that has been engineered to bend or curve around more challenging shapes. It can be bent or twisted without breaking or splintering. Flexible molding can actually be purchased in a range of grades, from very flexible to totally rigid.

One of the best features of flexible molding is it's superiority to wood. Flexible molding can be stained, painted, or sealed just as ordinary molding, but without having to prime the surface first. It also resists warping, wearing, splitting, or mildewing, so it's great for outdoor use as well.

The installation of crown molding can not be made any easier than with peel and stick. Peel and stick comes in kits of plastic molding pieces which have self-adhesive backs and four outside corners. Peel and stick is available for the really low-tech, low cost way to decorate. No power tools, saws, nails or hammers are required. No mitering of corners is necessary. One person can install it in no time with no trouble.

Peel and stick, though, especially due to its low-tech and low cost, lacks relief. That is, there is no depth or thickness and it will appear flat.

Styrofoam, also called Expanded Polystyrene., Has been used for many years by architects on buildings, homes and in museums. Styrofoam crown molding is light weight, durable and versatile, inexpensive, and adhesive to most kinds of paint. Other advantages and reasons for its gain in popularity are that it requires no special tools to install, and in fact can be installed in less than a day by the average homeowner. Styrofoam does not rot, crack, decay or succumb to insect damage. It can however melt or burn when exposed to flame and must be encased, as it will release toxic fumes when burning.

Another material that is finding its way into popularity is vinyl. Vinyl crown molding gives that old plaster look. While traditional plaster and wood crown molding require extensive experience, the advantage to using vinyl is its simplicity. It is low maintenance, does not blister or peel, swell or shrink when used in extreme moisture conditions, and will not rust, rot, pit or corrode and will not be attacked by insects.

Aluminum, stamped metal, crown molding featuring heavy-duty all aluminum construction is also available for use as a decorative accent. It is preformed inside and outside corners eliminate miter cuts, making installation easier. It is easy to cut, and installs like traditional moldings. It is durable and rugged. Aluminum is a tremendous bang for the buck. Use stamped metal for industry, factory, office, retail spaces, workshop, garages, kitchens, and trade shows.

Styrofoam, aluminum and vinyl moldings are primarily used for exterior decorative purposes.

Each material has its advantages and disadvantages and each homeowner must weigh these options based on their own requirements and desires. I hope this article will help to make the job a little easier. Happy decorating!

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Source by Pat Tomaskovic